- Treaty & boundary
- Early
- 1825-1836
- Fulton County
- General area only
Last Creek cessions and removal (1825-1836)
In 1825 William McIntosh signed away the Muscogee lands remaining in Georgia, and the Creek council ordered his death. Replacement treaties in 1826 and 1827 still took the land, and in 1836 the U.S. Army forced the Muscogee west to Indian Territory.
The record
The Treaty of Indian Springs of February 12, 1825, ceded all Muscogee lands east of the Chattahoochee; the Creek National Council repudiated it, and on April 29, 1825, warriors led by Menawa killed McIntosh (Wikipedia). The 1826 Treaty of Washington surrendered most of the same land on better terms, and a November 1827 treaty ceded the rest of the Creek land in Georgia (Atlanta History Center). Campbell County, created in 1828 with its first seat at Campbellton on the Chattahoochee, was named for Duncan G. Campbell, one of the signers of the 1825 treaty (GHS). The 1832 Treaty of Cusseta divided the Creek lands in Alabama into individual allotments, and speculators and squatters defrauded many owners (Wikipedia); in 1836 U.S. troops and Georgia and Alabama militia under Gen. Winfield Scott rounded up the Muscogee and sent them west (NGE). The Muscogee (Creek) Nation marks the arrival of Locvpoka Tribal Town at the Council Oak in today's Tulsa after removal in 1836.
Today: The Muscogee (Creek) Nation is headquartered in Okmulgee, Oklahoma.
Where on the map: Land west and southwest of the Chattahoochee below Buzzard Roost and the remaining Creek land between the Flint and Chattahoochee: outside this map except as the river's far bank at its southwest corner.